based on what they do and what they have accomplished—whether good or bad. It is difficult to believe that we are “justified by his grace as a gift.” It is not difficult to agree with the idea or affirm it in theory, but it is quite another thing to hold to it practically and to rest in it. The inclination that Adam had to go his own way when tempted, and the attempt by the people at Shinar to build a tower and establish their own way apart from God, have done anything but fade over the millennia.